Non-Cooperation : Lucknow Session

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Prelude | Home Rule | Lucknow | Champaran | Ahmedabad | Kheda | Jallianwala | Khilafat | Boycott | Clothes | Chauri Chaurah | Mapilla | Akalis | Simon Commission | Bardoli | Purna Swaraj | Dandi | Second Stage | Gandhi-Irwin The Lucknow Session of the Congress in December 1916 presented the Home Rule leaguers with the long awaited opportunity of showing their strength. Tilak's Home Rule League established a tradition - a special train, known as Congress Special was organized to carry deligates from Western India to Lucknow. Arundale asked every member of the league to get elected as a delegate to the Lucknow session- the idea beibg to flood the Congress with Home Rule leaguers. Tilak and his colleagues were welcomed back into Congress by Ambika Charan Majumdar. The Lucknow Congress was significant for the famous Congress-Muslim League pact. Both Tilak and Annie Besant had played an important role in making out this agreement, much against the wishes of likes of Madan Mohan Malviya. The Lucknow Congress also demanded a further dose of constitutional reforms as a step towards self Government. The increasing popularity of the Home Rule Movement soon attracted the Governments wrath. The Government of Madras banned students from participating in political meetings. The turning point came with the decision of the Government of Madras in June 1917 to place Mrs. Besant and her associates under arrest. Their interment became the occasion for nation wide protest. Those who had stayed away, like Madan Mohan Malviya and Surendranath Bannerji joined the Home Rule League. At Gandhiji's instance, Shankarlal Banker and Jamnadas Dwarkadas collected the signatures of 1000 men against their detention. Government in Britain decided to effect a change in policy and adopt a conciliatory posture. The new Secretary of the State, Montague, made a historic declaration in the House of Commons 'The policy of His Majesty's Government is that of the increasing association of Indians in every branch of the administration..'. In keeping with the conciliatory stance of the Montague declaration, Annie Besant was released in September 1917. Annie Besant was soon elected the president of Congress in December 1917. During 1918, however, various factors combined to diffuse the energies that had concentrated in the agitation for Home Rule. For one, the moderates who had joined the movement after Besant's arrest were pacified by the promise of reforms and by Besant's release. Soon Tilak also left for England to pursue liable case. Thus the stage was now set for the entry of Mohandas Karamchand Gandhi. next page >>

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