The main modern languages to evolve from the various regional forms of Apabhramsha are Assamese, Bengali, Gujarati, Hindi, Kashmiri, Marathi, Oriya, Punjabi, Rajasthani, Urdu and Sindhi.

• Assamese, an Indo-Aryan language is the official language of Assam state. Assamese developed as a literary language from the 13th century.
• Bengali, one of the leading Indo-Aryan language is the official language of West Bengal. It is spoken by nearly 200 million people, the majority of them are now in Bangladesh, formerly East Pakistan. It is now one of the most advanced languages of India.
• Gujarati, a member of the Indo-Aryan family, is the official language of the state of Gujarat. It started out as an independent language around A.D. 1200.
• Hindi, numerically the biggest of the Indo-Aryan family is the official language of India. Among the various dialects in Hindi, the dialect chosen as official Hindi is the standard Khariboli, written in Devanagari script. Hindi has produced two great literatures, Urdu and Hindi (high). Both have the same grammar and the same basic vocabulary. They differ, however, in script and higher vocabulary . Urdu uses the Perso-Arabic script. Hindi uses the Nagari script and has a preference for purely Indian words, in contradiction to the numerous Persian and Arabic words borrowed by Urdu.
• Kashmiri, a language of the Indo-Aryan group, is often mistaken as the state language of Jammu & Kashmir. Urdu is the state language of Jammu & Kashmir. Kashmiri literature goes back to A.D. 1200. It is comparatively a developed language.
• Marathi, belonging to the Indo-Aryan stock is the official language of Maharashtra. Although its literary career began only in the 13th century, it has today a fully developed literature of the modern type.
• Oriya, is the official language of the state of Orissa. Oriya is found recorded as far back as the 10th century. But its literary career began only in the 14th century.
• Punjabi, a language of the Indo-Aryan group, is the official language of the state of Punjab. Punjabi, though a very ancient language, turned literary only in the 15th century. It is written in the Gurumukhi script.
• Rajasthani, a tributary of the Indo-Aryan group, is the official language of the state of Rajasthan.
• Sindhi, is a branch of Indo-Aryan family. It is spoken by some 16 million people, of whom 6 million live in Sind (Pakistan), and the rest mostly in India. Sindhi uses the Perso-Arabic script in Pakistan. Speakers in India use mainly the Devanagari script
• Urdu, the state language of Jammu & Kashmir is spoken by about than 20 million people in India.