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Since 1982 the state has either been ruled mostly by Farooq Abdullah or been under President’s Rule. Farooq won a comfortable majority in the mid-term elections in June 1983, but acrimony soon developed between him and the central government. In July 1984, in a coup against Farooq, his brother-in-law, G.M. Shah, split the National Conference. Acting at the behest of the central government, the Governor, Jagmohan, dismissed Farooq as chief minister and installed G.M. Shah in his place. G.M. Shah was both corrupt and inept and, as he failed to control communal attacks on Kashmir pundits, his government was dismissed in March 1986 and President’s Rule imposed in the state. Subsequently, Rajiv Gandhi entered into an alliance with Farooq Abdullah for the assembly elections in early 1987. But Farooq, who won the election, was unable to manage the state politically or administratively. Thereafter, the movement for secession stepped up in the Valley. Both Hizbul Mujahideen and other fundamentalist, pro-Pakistan groups and those for independence led by Jammu and Kashmir Liberation Front (JKLF) took to violent agitations and armed insurgency. All these groups were actively financed, trained and armed by Pakistan, and carried on a campaign of murders, kidnappings and torture of political opponents and of attacks on police stations, government offices and other public buildings. They also attacked Kashmir pundits, most of whom were forced to leave their homes and move to refugee camps in Jammu and Delhi. To contain terrorism and insurgency, V.P. Singh government at the Centre dismissed Farooq Abdullah government, which had lost control over the Valley to the terrorist groups, and imposed President’s Rule in the state. Farooq, however, made another political comeback by winning the long-delayed elections in 1996. The all-party Hurriyat (Liberation) Conference and JKLF which stands for Kashmir’s independence and the pro-Pakistan Mujahideen have lost steam in recent years, mainly because of the Mujahideen and JKLF's terrorist depredations against the people of the state, but Pakistani-supported and organized terrorism continues to be a menace affecting normal politics in Jammu and Kashmir. |
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