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British Architecture at Calcutta: Many imposing structures still stand as monuments to British rule in India. They include the Raj Bhavan, the official residence of the governor of the state of West Bengal, which was modelled on Kedleston Hall, a great house in Derbyshire, in the United Kingdom. The Writers' Building, a civil service headquarters, and the High Court are fine buildings in the Gothic style. The General Post Office and the Town Hall are built in neoclassical style. The Victoria Memorial, built between 1906 and 1921, is a huge structure in the Renaissance style, faced with white marble. It seeks to mingle classical, Western, and Mughal influences. The memorial contains Queen Victoria's piano and writing desk and a fine collection of portraits of Anglo-Indian leaders. Another interesting structure is the Ochterlony Monument, a granite column 46 metres high. British Architecture at Bombay: One of the most famous landmarks in Mumbai is the Gateway of India. This huge arch commemorates the visit to India in 1911 of King George V. The original white plaster design was replaced in 1927 by an arch of yellow stone in a mixture of Gujarati, Islamic, and European architectural styles. Public buildings in Western neoclassical style include the Mint and the Town Hall. But Mumbai is most famed for its Indian-style Gothic buildings, such as the Central Telegraph Office, High Court, General Post Office, and Chatrapati Shivaji Maharaj railway station (formerly the Victoria Terminus). These buildings were constructed during the city's boom period of the 1860's to 1880's. Many of them are decorated with carvings, including birds and animals, made by Indian craftworkers. British Architecture at New Delhi: New Delhi was designed by the British architect Sir Edwin Lutyens, assisted by Sir Herbert Baker. It was laid out 5 kilometres south of Old Delhi on a well-drained site standing slightly above the level of the surrounding plain. The builders used explosives to blast away the top layer of the land to flatten it and provide earth to fill in the nearby valleys. The resulting complex is a spacious, attractive, and carefully planned city, with broad, treelined avenues and many open areas, parks, gardens, and fountains. Many of New Delhi's best-known landmarks lie on a line running east to west through the city. The line starts at the National Stadium. Then it passes through the Children's Park and the War Memorial Arch along the impressive Raj Path, through Central Vista Park, to Rashtrapati Bhavan (the residence of the president of India). A similar line running north-south, known as "Janpath," goes from the main shopping centre, Connaught Place, to residential suburbs. Several districts retain their own character. The Civil Lines, originally laid out to house British colonial officials, is now a residential area for well-off Indian government officials. British Architecture at Madras: Fort St. George was built in 1653 by the British East India Company. Today, the buildings of the old fort house the state administrative offices, the legislative assembly, and a museum devoted to the history of the East India Company. A banqueting hall built in the Greek style is still used for civic functions. St. Mary's Church, the oldest Anglican church in Asia, dates from about 1680. The church was visited by a number of famous personalities linked with the East India Company. They included Elihu Yale, after whom the American university was named; Robert Clive, the British administrator who took India into the British Empire; and Arthur Wellesley, who later, as the Duke of Wellington, defeated Napoleon in the Battle of Waterloo. The End |
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