Indian Theatre - Part II
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shombhu mitraClosely following the trends of Bengali theatre, theatres of Gujarati, Kannada, Marathi, Oriya and Hindi were also developing. Vishnu Das Bhave was a pioneer in Marathi who wrote and staged 'Sita Swayamvar' in 1843. His first Hindi drama 'Raja Gopichanda', became very famous and it resulted in the formation of many professional groups such as 'Kirloskar Nataka Mandali' of Anna Sahib Kirloskar.

Vijai Tendulkar gave a new dimension to the Indian theatre. He transformed Marathi theatre with his controversial but very effective plays such as 'Giddha', 'Sakharam Binder', 'ghasiram kotwal', 'Kamala', etc. Khanolkar, V.V.Shirwadkar, Satish Alekar, Jayavant Dalvi and Govinda Deshpande carried on this tradition.

Modern Kannada theatre had a beginning in 1918 with the staging of a drama by T.P.Kelaram

In 1930s, K.S.Karanth, A.N.Krishna Rao, Govinda Pai and K.V.Puttappa went far ahead to enrich it. Dramas of Adya Rangacharya also played a great role. After Independence, Girish Karnad, Nagamandal, Lankesh, Sankranti and Chandrasekhar have contributed a lot to Indian theatre. Directors such as B.V.Karanth, K.V.Subanna, Prasanna, Nagesh and Akshar have also added a lot to it.

Oriya theatre has travelled a long distance from the plays of Ramashankar Roy (1860-1910) to the works of Manoranjan Das, Jagannath Prasad Das, Basanta Kumar Mahapatra, Vijai Mishra ans Gopal De. Gujarati theatre has been dominated by translated or transcribed commercial plays.

Madhu Roy, Vimnayaka purohit, Shiv Kumar Joshi, Damini Mehta, Pravin Joshi, Sarita Joshi, Bharat Dave, Mahendra Joshi and Dhimendra Desai have given a new dimension to it. Manipuri theatre has been benefied a lot by the traditional folk dramas and modern theatrical techniques of Rattan Thiyam, Kanhailal and Lokendra Arambam also have contributed a lot.

Tamil drama has its beginning in the 19th century. Among the early exponents is Sundaram Pillai whose 'Manonmaniam' was the most popular verse drama. Sankaradasa Swamigal, Sambanda Mudaliar and V.G. Suryanarayana Sastri wrote dramas and played important roles in them.Thanjay Govind Swamy Rao and Venkataswamy Rayar wrote plays and staged performances in various states and east Asian countries.

Nawab Rajamanickam ('Nandanar'), Trichy Kannaya Naidu ('Dasavatharam', 'Valli Thirumanam', 'Andal'), Viswanatha Das, S.G.Kittappa, Madurai Bhaskara Das, T.K.S.Brothers ('Ouvaiyyar'), K.R.Ramaswamy, Kali N.Ratnam, P.U.Chinnappa, M.G.Chakrapani, M.G.Ramachandran, N.S.Krishnan ('Naam Iruvar', 'Paithyakaran') and Thyagraja Bhagavathar, S.V.Sahasranamam, T.A.Madhuram, Sivaji Ganeshan and M.S.Draupati earned fame either as artiste or writers.

Annadurai ('Oarlravu'), 'Velaikkari'), M.Karunanidhi, M.R.Radha (Raktha Kanneer), R.S.Manohar ('Lankeswaran', 'Dronar'), Komal Swamyanathan, Cho Ramaswamy ('Swambhavamy Yuge Yuge', 'Mohammed Bin Tughlaq'), Mauli, Visu, Mereena and Poornam Vishwanathan also have contributed for the development of Tamil theatre.


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